Revising of Recruitment and Training Procedures According to the Relationship between Organizational Identity and Clarity of Self-Concept of Employees (Study case: Sarchesheme Copper Complex in Rafsanjan)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Iran, Tehran, Kharazmi University, Faculty of Psychology / PhD student

2 Professor, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Selection, hiring, and proper training of employees have always been organizational concerns. In the first step, to achieve an efficient procedure for this, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting the behavior of employees. The official employees of Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex, 5190 people at the time of conducting the research (2019), were selected as a statistical population. Four hundred twenty-eight were determined by the stratified random method as a statistical sample. Campbell et al.’s Self-Concept Clarity Questionnaires (1996) and Cheney’s organizational Identity Questionnaire (1983) were used to collect data. We analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling and one-way variance analysis method. Organizational identity was enhanced by increasing employees’ self-concept clarity. Organizational identity and self-concept clarity have a mutual relationship. Based on the results, it is necessary for human resource recruitment policies to be regulated in such a way that, under identical conditions, people with a higher self-concept clarity are attracted to the organization and to improve the organizational identity of the people who are currently employed by the company, implementing the training program, which should be put on the agenda of the company based on the results improve the clarity of the self-concept of the personnel.

Keywords


Adam, H., Obodaru, O., Lu, J. G., Maddux, W. W., & Galinsky, A. D. (2018). The shortest path to oneself leads around the world: Living abroad increases self-concept clarity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 145, 16–29.
Adigüzel, Z., & Kuloğlu , E. (2019). Examination of the Effects of Emotional Intelligence and Authentic Leadership on the Employees in the Organizations. International journal of organizational leadership, 8, 13-30.
Akker, J. van den, Fasoglio, Daniela, Mulder, Hetty. (2010). A curriculum perspective on plurilingual education, SLO (Netherlands institute for curriculum development.
Alessandri, G., De Longis, E., Golfieri, F., & Crocetti, E. (2020). Can self-concept clarity protect against a pandemic? a daily study on self-concept clarity and negative affect during the COVID-19 outbreak. Identity, 21(1), 6–19. doi:10.1080/15283488.2020.18465, 6-19.
Ali, I., Ali, M., Grigore, G., Molesworth, M., & Jin, Z. (2020). The moderating role of corporate reputation and employee-company identification on the work-related outcomes of job insecurity resulting from workforce localization policies. Journal of Business Research, 117, 825-838.
Amiot, C. E., de la Sablonniere, R., Smith, L. G., & Smith, J. R. (2015). Capturing changes in social identities over time and how they become part of the self.
Arena, M. J. (2018). Adaptive space: How GM and other companies are positively disrupting themselves and transforming into agile organizations. McGraw-Hill Education.
Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. 1989. Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14: 20–39.
Atristain-Suarez, C. (2016). Best Management Practices: SME’s Organizational Performance Management Based on Internal Controls in Mexico. Journal of International Business and Economics.
Baum, J. A., & Rowley, T. J. (2002). Companion to organizations: An introduction. The Blackwell companion to organizations, 1-34.
Bechtoldt, M. N., De Dreu, C. K. W., Nijstad, B. A., & Zapf, D. (2010). Self-concept  larity and the management of social conflict. Journal of Personality, 78, 539–574.
Biaobin., Y,  Lin., Q,  Yi., L, Qian., L,  Dan., H, and Yiwei., C. (2020). The Effect of Overqualification on Employees' Turnover Intention:The Role of Organization Identity and Goal Orientation. Journal of Advanced Management Science,Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 17-21, March2021. doi: 10.18178/joams.9.1.17-21.
Błażek, M., & Besta, T. (2012). Self-concept clarity and religious orientations: Prediction of purpose in life and self-esteem. Journal of Religion and Health, 51(3), 947–960.
Bleidorn, W., & Ködding, C. (2013). The divided self and psychological (mal) adjustment–A meta-analytic review. Journal of Research in Personality, 47(5), 547-552.
Campbell, J. D., Assanand, S., & Paula, A. D. (2003). The structure of the self-concept and its relation to psychological adjustment. Journal of Personality, 71, 115–140.
Campbell, J. D., Trapnell, P. D., Heine, S. J., Katz, I. M., Lavallee, L. F., & Lehman, D. R. (1996). Self-concept clarity: Measurement, personality correlates, and cultural boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(1), 141-156.
Cheek, J. M. (1989). Identity orientations and self-interpretation. In D. M. Buss & N. Cantor (Eds.), Personality psychology: Recent trends and emerging directions. 275–285.
Chen, Y., Gao, L., & Zhang, Y. (2022). The Impact of Green Organizational Identity on Green Competitive Advantage: The Role of Green Ambidexterity Innovation and Organizational Flexibility. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2022.
Cheney, G. (1983). The Rhetoric of Identification and Study of Organizational Communication. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 69(2), 143-158.
Choi, H., & Yoon, Y. (2021). Finding Myself Fast and Furiously: The Role of Agency-Communion Orientation and Self-Concept Clarity in Support for Radicalism. Sustainability, 13(5), 2764.
chung, J., (2018). Possessions and the Self: Downstream Consequences of Ownership and Sharing What We Own, Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.
Cole, M. S. and Bruch, H. (2006), Organizational identity strength, identification, and commitment and their relationships to turnover intention: Does organisational hierarchy matter? Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 27, pp. 585–605.
Cooper, D.; Thatcher, S.M. Identification in organizations: The role of self-concept orientations and identification motives. Acad. Manag. Rev. 2010, 35, 516–538.
Cornelissen, J. (2017), Corporate Communication: A Guide to Theory and Practice, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
De Dreu, C. K. W., & van Knippenberg, D. (2005). The possessive self as a barrier to conflict resolution: Effects of mere ownership, process accountability, and self-concept clarity on competitive cognitions and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 9(4), 171-187.
DeHart, T., & Pelham, B. W. (2007). Fluctuations in state implicit self-esteem in response to daily negative events. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(1), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2006.01.002.
Dutton, J. E., Dukerich, J. M., & Harquail, C. V. (1994). Organizational images and member identification. Administrative science quarterly, 239-263.
Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (2002). Self and social identity. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 161 – 186.
Elsbach, K. (1999). An expanded model of organizational identification. Research in Organizational Behavior,21,163-199.
Garr-Schultz, A. (2020). Collective Self-Concept Clarity: How We Understand Ourselves Through Our Group Memberships (Doctoral dissertation, Northwestern University).
Ghorbani, M., and Abdullahi M. A., (2016). Investigating the Relationship between the Dimensions of Psychological Capital and Organizational Identity, Educational Management Innovations, Year 12, Number One (Series 45), Winter 2016.
Glavas, A., & Godwin, L. N. (2013). Is the perception of goodness good enough? Exploring the relationship between perceived corporate social responsibility and employee organizational identification. Journal of Business Ethics, 114, 15–27.
Hagger, M. S., Anderson, M., Kyriakaki, M., & Darkings, S. (2007). Aspects of identity and their influence on intentional behavior: Comparing effects for three health behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences,42,355–367.
Hanley, A. W., & Garland, E. L. (2017). Clarity of mind: Structural equation modeling of associations between dispositional mindfulness, self-concept clarity and psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Diferences, 106, 334–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.028.
Haslam, S. A. (2004). Psychology in Organizations. The Social Identity Approach. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Hogg, M. A., & Terry, D. I. 2000. Social identity and selfcategorization processes in organizational contexts. Academy of Management Review, 25: 121–140.
Hossiny Manesh, H. (2021). Investigating the Effect of Organizational Identity on Employes Self-Esteem in Golgohar Mining & Industrial Company of Sirjan. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(13), 4581-45885.
Jastrzębska, J., & Błażek, M. (2022). Questioning gender and sexual identity in the context of self-concept clarity, sense of coherence and value system. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(17), 10643.
Jeong, J. G., Choi, S. B., & Kang, S. W. (2022). Leader’s Perception of Corporate Social Responsibility and Team Members’ Psychological Well-Being: Mediating Effects of Value Congruence Climate and Pro-Social Behavior. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 3607.
Kadarisman, m. (2019). The influence of compensation, development, and supervision toward the performance of civil servant in depok city government, indonesia. Cogent Psychology, 6(1), 1620402.
Khosrowabadi., T., Banimahd., B., Vakili., H., and Pourzamani., Z. (2021). Evaluation of the organizational efficiency of audit firms based on leadership style. International of the organizational efficiency of audit firms based on leadership style, Vol.6, No,22, Summer 2021.
Korte, R. F. (2007). A review of social identity theory with implications for training and development. Journal of European Industrial Training, 31(3), 166–180. doi:10.1108/03090590710739250.
Lee-Flynn, S. C., Pomaki, G., DeLongis, A., Biesanz, J. C., & Puterman, E. (2011). Daily cognitive appraisals, daily affect, and long-term depressive symptoms: The role of self-esteem and self-concept clarity in the stress process. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(2).
Lewandowski, G. W., Jr., & Nardone, N. (2012). Self-concept clarity's role in self–other agreement and the accuracy of behavioral prediction. Self and Identity, 11, 71–89.
Lewandowski, G. W., Jr., & Nardone, N. (2012). Self-concept clarity's role in self–other agreement and the accuracy of behavioral prediction. Self and Identity, 11, 71–89.
LI, C. (2020). Research on employee loyality issues and influencing factors in private enterprises- a case study of shengyuan communication (Doctoral dissertation, Siam University).
Li., H., Ye., L., Yang., Z. and Guo., M. (2020). The Influence of Personality Traits on Organizational Identity. https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-981-5682-1_38.
Light, A. E. (2017). Self-concept clarity, self-regulation, and psychological well-being. In J. Lodi-Smith & K. G. DeMarree (Eds.), Self-concept clarity: Perspectives on assessment, research, and applications (pp. 177–193). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71547- 6_10.
Light, A. E., & Visser, P. S. (2013). The ins and outs of the self: Contrasting role exits and role entries as predictors of self-concept clarity. Self and Identity, 12, 291–306.
Linville, P. W. (1987). Self-complexity as a cognitive buer against stress-related illness
Liu, G., Isbell, L. M., & Leidner, B. (2022). How Does the Quiet Ego Relate to Happiness? A Path Model Investigation of the Relations Between the Quiet Ego, Self-Concept Clarity, and Well-Being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 23(3), 1007-1020.
Luo, H. (2020). Review of Research Progress on Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Identity. Open Journal of Business and Management, 8, 809-819. doi: 10.4236/ojbm.2020.82050.
Martin, F. (2009). The organization moral identity and organizational effectiveness. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8(2), 98-106.
Marzban, F. (2015). Approaches to Make Moral Health in the Organization regarding Workers’ Viewpoint. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences: Proceedings, 4(1 (s)), pp-1002.
Mesmer-Magnus., J. R., Asencio., R., Seely, P. W., and DeChurch, L. A. (2018). How organizational identity affects team functioning: The identity instrumentality hypothesis. Journal of Management, 44(4), 1530-1550.
Miao, B., Suo, Y., Liang, Y., & Li, Y. (2022). The Influence of Organizational Identity on Knowledge Employees’ Job Performance—The Mediating Role of Work Values. IEEE Access, 10, 90903-90914.
Mittal, B. (2015). Self-concept clarity: Exploring its role in consumer behavior. Journal of Economic Psychology, 46, 98–110.
Nezlek, J.B. & Plesko, R.M. (2001). Day-to-day relationships among self-concept clarity, self-esteem, daily events, and mood. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(2).
Nezlek, J.B. & Plesko, R.M. (2001). Day-to-day relationships among self-concept clarity, self-esteem, daily events, and mood. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(2).
Oliver, D., & Roos, J. (2004). Constructing organizational identity. Switzerland: Imagination Lab Foundation.
Otoo, I., C., Assuming, J., & Agyei, P.M. (2018). Effectiveness of recruitment and selection practices in public sector higher education institution: Evidence frm Ghana. European scientific journal, 14(13). 199-2014.
Piening, E. P., Salge, T. O., Antons, D., & Kreiner, G. E. (2020). Standing together or falling apart? Understanding employees’ responses to organizational identity threats. Academy of Management Review, 45(2), 325-351.
Riketta, M. (2005). Organizational identification: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66, 358–384.
Robert, C. and Wasti, S.A. (2002). Organizational individualism and collectivism: theoretical development and an empirical test of a measure. Journal of Management, Vol. 28, No. 4, 544–566.
Schaubroeck, J., Kim, Y. J., & Peng, A. C. (2012). The self-concept in organizational psychology: Clarifying and differentiating the constructs.
Schwartz, S. J., Meca, A., & Petrova, M. (2017). Who am I and why does it matter? Linking personal identity and self-concept clarity. In Self-concept clarity (pp. 145-164). Springer, Cham.
Schwarz, G. (2017). Transformational Leadership and Job Performance: The Role of Organizational Identification. The Palgrave Handbook of Leadership in Transforming Asia,519–539. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-57940-9_28.
Shbail, M., & Shbail, A. (2020). Organizational climate, organizational citizenship behaviour and turnover intention: Evidence from Jordan. Management Science Letters, 10(16), 3749-3756.
Slotter, E. B., Gardner, W. L., & Finkel, E. J. (2010). Who am I without you? The influence of romantic breakup on the self-concept. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 147–160.
Smith, M., Wethington, E., & Zhan, G. (1996). Self‐concept clarity and preferred coping styles. Journal of Personality, 64(2), 407-434.
Tarka, P. 2017. The comparison of estimation methods on the parameter estimates and fit indices in SEM model under 7-point Likert scale. Archives of Data Science, Series A (Online First), 2, 16-S.
Thomas, N. M., Hofer, J., & Kranz, D. (2021). Effects of an intergenerational program on adolescent self-concept clarity: A pilot study. Journal of Personality, 00, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12678.
Turner, J.C. and Onorato, R.S. (1999), “Social identity, personality, and the self-concept: a self-categorization perspective”, in Tyler, T.R., Kramer, R.M. and John, O.P. (Eds), The Psychology of the Social Self, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 11-46.
Van Dick, R., Hirst, G., Grojean, M. W., & Wieseke, J. (2007). Relationships between leader and follower organizational identification and implications for follower attitudes and behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 80(1), 133-150.
Van Dijk, R., & van Dick, R. (2009). Navigating Organizational Change: Change Leaders, Employee Resistance and Work-based Identities. Journal of Change Management, 9(2),143_163. doi:10.1080/14697010902879087.
Waltz, C. F., & Bausell, R. B. (1981). Nursing research: Design, statistics, and computer analysis. FA Davis Co.
Wang, L., & Lin, L. (2019, August). Research on the Mechanism of Organizational Identity and Employee Turnover Intention. In 2019 5th International Conference on Social Science and Higher Education (ICSSHE 2019) (pp. 933-936). Atlantis Press.
Weston, R., & Gore Jr, P. A. (2006). A brief guide to structural equation modeling. The counseling psychologist, 34(5), 719-751.
Witting, M. (2006). Relations between organizational identity, identification and organizational objectives: An empirical study in municipalities (Master's thesis, University of Twente).
Xie, G. and Fang, S. (2020) Research on the Mechanism of the Effect of Employment Model on Employees’ Innovation Behavior: Proposal of Conceptual Model. Open Journal of Business and Management, 8, 1375-1403. doi: 10.4236/ojbm.2020.84088.
Yeşiltaş, M., Tuna, M., & Ghazzawi, I. (2017). Ethical leadership and ethical climate as the determinants of organizational identification in hotel establishments in Turkey. International Leadership Journal, 9(3), 47–93.