The Impact of Personality Traits and Conflict Management Styles on Workplace Incivility and its Relation to Employee’s Embarrassment and Belongingness

Document Type : علمی - پژوهشی

Authors

1 Master of Public Administration- Organizational Behavior Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Public Policy & Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Public Policy & Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Aim: Employees of today's organizations experience more unpleasant behaviors than in the past. One of the types of mistreatments that has recently been the focus of attention by researchers is workplace incivility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of personality traits (five-factor model) and conflict management styles on workplace incivility. The current study also examines the impact of workplace incivility on employees' sense of embarrassment and belongingness as consequences of workplace incivility.
Methods: The current study is a survey study with a sample of 650 employees of Maskan Bank offices in Tehran. The sampling method is available and for assessing workplace cruelty, from the Cortina et al. (2001) questionnaire, conflict management styles, from the Rahim & Magner questionnaire (1995), personality traits, from the Saucier questionnaire (1994), the embarrassment, from the Leary, Landel & Patton questionnaire (1996) and Belongingness were used by the Godard questionnaire (2001).
Results: The findings of the study indicate that emotional stability, extraversion and conscientiousness have the most effect on jworkplace incivility, respectively. Also among conflict management styles, domination, compromise and integration have the most impact on workplace incivility, respectively. In addition, the results indicate that workplace incivility has a positive effect on employee’s sense of embarrassment and a negative impact on their sense of belongingness.
Conclusion: The current study adds to the existing knowledge in the field of organizational behavior and also shows that by controlling a priori factors, it can reduce workplace incivility and prevent its undesirable consequences.

Keywords

References

Abubakar, A. M., Megeirhi, H. A., & Shneikat, B. (2018). Tolerance for workplace incivility, employee cynicism and job search behavior. The Service Industries Journal, 38(9-10), 629-643.
Antoncic, B., Bratkovic, T., Singh, G., & De Noble, A. (2008). The big five personality factors, gender, and entrepreneurship: Evidence from Slovenia. Small business Management, 53(5), 819-841.
Armstrong, N. (2018). Management of nursing workplace incivility in the health care settings: A systematic review. Workplace health safety, 66(8), 403-410.
Baillien, E., Escartín, J., Gross, C., & Zapf, D. (2017). Towards a conceptual and empirical differentiation between workplace bullying and interpersonal conflict. European Journal of Work Organizational Psychology, 26(6), 870-881.
Cash, R. E., White-Mills, K., Crowe, R. P., Rivard, M. K., & Panchal, A. R. (2019). Workplace Incivility Among Nationally Certified EMS Professionals and Associations with Workforce-Reducing Factors and Organizational Culture. Prehospital Emergency Care, 23(3), 346-355.
Cockshaw, W. D., & Shochet, I. (2010). The link between belongingness and depressive symptoms: An exploration in the workplace interpersonal context. Australian Psychologist, 45(4), 283-289.
Cornelis, I., Van Hiel, A., De Cremer, D., & Mayer, D. M. (2013). When leaders choose to be fair: Follower belongingness needs and leader empathy influences leaders' adherence to procedural fairness rules. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(4), 605-613.
Cortina, L. M. (2008). Unseen injustice: Incivility as modern discrimination in organizations. Academy of management review, 33(1), 55-75. 
Cortina, L. M., & Magley, V. J. (2009). Patterns and profiles of response to incivility in the workplace. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(3), 272-288.
Cortina, L. M., Magley, V. J., Williams, J. H., & Langhout, R. D. (2001). Incivility in the workplace: incidence and impact. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6(1), 64-80.
Crozier, W. R. (2004). Self‐consciousness, exposure, and the blush. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 34(1), 1-17.
Daniels, S. R., & Jordan, S. L. (2019). The Effect of Paternalism on Incivility: Exploring Incivility Climate as an Important Boundary Condition. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 26(2), 190-203.
Farmer, S. M., & Van Dyne, L. (2017). Organization‐specific prosocial helping identity: Doing and belonging as the basis of “being fully there”. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(6), 769-791.
Fisk, S. (2018). Social beings: A core motives approach to social psychology. USA: New York: Wiley.
Forsyth, A. (2012). Workplace conflict resolution in Australia: The dominance of the public dispute resolution framework and the limited role of ADR. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(3), 476-494.
Gartland, N., O'connor, D. B., & Lawton, R. (2012). The effects of conscientiousness on the appraisals of daily stressors. Stress & Health, 28(1), 80-86.
Ghosh, R., Reio Jr, T. G., & Bang, H. (2013). Reducing turnover intent: supervisor and co-worker incivility and socialization-related learning. Human Resource Development International, 16(2), 169-185.
Godard, J. (2001). High performance and the transformation of work? The implications of alternative work practices for the experience and outcomes of work. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 54(4), 776-805.
Goffman, E. (2017). Interaction ritual: Essays in face-to-face behavior: UK: London: Routledge.
Griffin, B., Bell, A., & Marusarz, T. (2007). Incivility at work: Impact on employee engagement. Paper presented at the Better Work, Better Organisations, Better World: Conference Proceedings of the 7th Industrial and Organisational Psychology Conference/1st Asia Pacific Congress on Workplace and Organisational Psychology.
Hershcovis, M. S., & Cameron, A. F. (2011). Invited reaction: Managing workplace incivility: The role of conflict management styles—antecedent or antidote? Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(4), 425-435.
Hershcovis, M. S., Ogunfowora, B., Reich, T. C., & Christie, A. M. (2017). Targeted workplace incivility: The roles of belongingness, embarrassment, and power. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(7), 1057-1075.
Hershcovis, M. S., & Reich, T. C. (2013). Integrating workplace aggression research: Relational, contextual, and method considerations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(S1), S26-S42.
Jackson, R. (2013). Domestic Violence Spills Over Into the Workplace: Proven Practices: Germany: Berlin: Elsevier.
John, O., Robins, R., & Pervin, L. (2008). Handbook of personality: Theory and research . New York. In: Guilford Press.
Kane, K., & Montgomery, K. (1998). A framework for understanding dysempowerment in organizations. Human resource management, 37(3‐4), 263-275.
Klebig, B., Goldonowicz, J., Mendes, E., Miller, A. N., & Katt, J. (2016). The combined effects of instructor communicative behaviors, instructor credibility, and student personality traits on incivility in the college classroom. Communication Research Reports, 33(2), 152-158.
Leary, M. R., Landel, J. L., & Patton, K. M. (1996). The motivated expression of embarrassment following a self‐presentational predicament. Journal of Personality, 64(3), 619-636. 
Leiter, M. (2013). Analyzing and theorizing the dynamics of the workplace incivility crisis: Springer.
Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B. (2017). Incivility and confrontation in online conflict discourses. Lodz Papers in Pragmatics, 13(2), 347-367.
Liu, W., Steve Chi, S. C., Friedman, R., & Tsai, M. H. (2009). Explaining incivility in the workplace: The effects of personality and culture. Negotiation & Conflict Management Research, 2(2), 164-184.
Marchiondo, L. A., Biermeier-Hanson, B., Krenn, D. R., & Kabat-Farr, D. (2018). Target Meaning-Making of Workplace Incivility Based on Perceived Personality Similarity with Perpetrators. The Journal of psychology, 152(7), 474-496.
Meyer, S. (2004). Organizational response to conflict: Future conflict and work outcomes. Social Work Research, 28(3), 183-190.
Milam, A. C., Spitzmueller, C., & Penney, L. M. (2009). Investigating individual differences among targets of workplace incivility. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(1), 58-69.
Miner‐Rubino, K., & Reed, W. D. (2010). Testing a moderated mediational model of workgroup incivility: The roles of organizational trust and group regard. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40(12), 3148-3168.
Nesterkin, D., & Porterfield, T. (2016). Conflict management and performance of information technology development teams. Team Performance Management, 22(5/6), 242-256.
Parkins, I. S., Fishbein, H. D., & Ritchey, P. N. (2006). The influence of personality on workplace bullying and discrimination. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36(10), 2554-2577.
Pearson, C. M., Andersson, L. M., & Porath, C. L. (2000). Assessing and attacking workplace incivility. Organizational dynamics, 29(2), 123-137.
Pearson, C. M., & Porath, C. L. (2005). On the nature, consequences and remedies of workplace incivility: No time for “nice”? Think again. Academy of Management Perspectives, 19(1), 7-18.
Plocharczyk, L. (2013). Managing conflict and incivility in academic libraries. Workplace Culture in Academic Libraries (Chandos Information Professional Series),307-320.
Rahim, M. A., & Magner, N. R. (1995). Confirmatory factor analysis of the styles of handling interpersonal conflict: First-order factor model and its invariance across groups. Journal of applied psychology, 80(1), 122-132.
Roberts, S. J., Scherer, L. L., & Bowyer, C. J. (2011). Job stress and incivility: What role does psychological capital play? Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 18(4), 449-458.
Rognes, J. K., & Schei, V. (2010). Understanding the integrative approach to conflict management. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(1), 82-97.
Saucier, G. (1994). Mini-Markers: A brief version of Goldberg's unipolar Big-Five markers. Journal of personality assessment, 63(3), 506-516.
Scarf, D., Moradi, S., McGaw, K., Hewitt, J., Hayhurst, J. G., Boyes, M., Hunter, J. A. (2016). Somewhere I belong: Long‐term increases in adolescents’ resilience are predicted by perceived belonging to the in‐group. British Journal of Social Psychology, 55(3), 588-599.
Sguera, F., Bagozzi, R. P., Huy, Q. N., Boss, R. W., & Boss, D. S. (2016). Curtailing the harmful effects of workplace incivility: The role of structural demands and organization-provided resources. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 95, 115-127.
Shani, A., Lau, J., Chandler, D., & Coget, J. (2009). Behavior in organizations: An experiential approach: McGraw Hill-Irwin Publications.
Sliter, K. A., Sliter, M. T., Withrow, S. A., & Jex, S. M. (2012). Employee adiposity and incivility: Establishing a link and identifying demographic moderators and negative consequences. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17(4), 409.
Sliter, M., Withrow, S., & Jex, S. M. (2015). It happened, or you thought it happened? Examining the perception of workplace incivility based on personality characteristics. International Journal of Stress Management, 22(1), 24-45.
Sojo, V. E., Wood, R. E., & Genat, A. E. (2016). Harmful workplace experiences and women’s occupational well-being: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40(1), 10-40.
Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J., & Mashek, D. J. J. A. R. P. (2007). Moral emotions and moral behavior. Annual review of psychology, 58, 345-372.
Taylor, S. G., & Kluemper, D. H. (2012). Linking perceptions of role stress and incivility to workplace aggression: The moderating role of personality. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17(3), 316-329.
Tepper, B. J., & Henle, C. A. (2011). A case for recognizing distinctions among constructs that capture interpersonal mistreatment in work organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(3), 487-498.
Trudel, J., & Reio Jr, T. G. (2011). Managing workplace incivility: The role of conflict management styles—antecedent or antidote? Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(4), 395-423.
Van Jaarsveld, D. D., Walker, D. D., & Skarlicki, D. P. (2010). The role of job demands and emotional exhaustion in the relationship between customer and employee incivility. Journal of management, 36(6), 1486-1504.
Zhang, Z.-X., & Wei, X. (2017). Superficial harmony and conflict avoidance resulting from negative anticipation in the workplace. Management Organization Review, 13(4), 795-820
Career and Organizational Counseling
Volume 13, Issue 1
April 2021
Pages 71-88

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics