Designing and explaining health-oriented leadership strategies in public companies

Safarmohammadluo, Shima; Koshki Jahromi, Alireza; Kheirandish, Mahdi

doi:10.48308/jcoc.2022.103074

Designing and explaining health-oriented leadership strategies in public companies

Document Type : علمی - پژوهشی

Authors

¹ PhD student, Department of Public Administration, School of Management and Economics, Research and Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

² Associate Professor Department of Public Administration, School of Management and Economics, Research and Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Associate Professor of Allameh Tabataba'i University, ,Tehran,Iran.

³ Visiting Professor Department of Public Administration, School of Management and Economics, Research and Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Professor Shahid Satari University, Tehran,Iran.

10.48308/jcoc.2022.103074

Abstract

Today, human capitals have a special place in government companies and maintaining their physical and mental health is of particular importance. The results of the studies show that leaders play an important role in creating a healthy work environment for employees, which in leadership theories refers to the health-oriented leadership style as a new style. The purpose of this research is to design a strategic model of health-oriented leadership in public companies. This research has a developmental-applicative purpose and is in the category of mixed research. In the qualitative step of the research, thematic Analysis strategy was used to design the model. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 executive experts in state-owned firms and university experts who were purposefully selected. In the quantitative part, the validation of the strategic model was done with confirmatory factor analysis method and Smart PLS software. For this purpose, 158 managers and experts were asked for their opinions using a questionnaire.Based on the findings, four strategies including management of employees' quality of life, job actions, management and leadership style, and environmental strategies were identified and all the identified strategies have been confirmed. Also, the priority of the strategies are environmental strategies, occupational strategies, and quality of life management with factor loadings of 0.808, 0.650, and 0.640 respectively. Finally the results of the research showed that the health of employees and leaders is the result of a set of the above conditions And healthy leaders must consider these things together to improve the level of health in the organization.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Career and organizational counseling

References

Anderson, D., Plotnikoff, R. C., Raine, K., & Barrett, L. (2005). Development of measures of individual leadership for health promotion. Leadership in Health Services, 2(18): 1-12.

Arnold, M., & Rigotti, T. (2020). The leader in the spotlight: Health-oriented leadership and its antecedents and outcomes. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2020 (1), 16724 https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2020.16724.

Bodil J. Landstad, Marianne Hedlund, Stig Vinberg. (2017) "How managers of small-scale enterprises can create a health promoting corporate culture", International Journal of Workplace Health Management ,3(10): 1-44.

Boehm, S. A., Baumgartner, M. A. & Kreissner, L. M. (2016). The Relationship Between Leadership and Health: A Comparison of General and Health-Focused Leadership Approaches. Healthy at Work, pp: 87-102. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32331-2_7.

Bregenzer, A., Felfe, J., Bergner, S. & Jiménez, P. (2019). How followers’ emotional stability and cultural value orientations moderate the impact of health-promoting leadership and abusive supervision on health-related resources Anita. German Journal of Human Resource Management, 1(33): 1-30.

Burnett, C. E., Drose, C., & Fletcher, K. A. (2022). Health-Oriented Leadership in Healthcare: The Role of Supervisor Attitude, Cognition, and Behavior. In Mental Health and Wellness in Healthcare Workers: Identifying Risks, Prevention, and Treatment (pp. 172-195.

Daniels, K., Gedikli, C., Watson, D., Semkina, A. and Vaughn, O. (2017). “Job design, employment practices and well-being: a systematic review of intervention studies”, Ergonomics, Vol. 60 No ,9: 1177-1196.

Dellve, L. & Eriksson, A. (2017). “Health-promoting managerial work: a theoretical framework for a leadership program that supports knowledge and capability to craft sustainable work practices in daily practice and during organizational change”, Societies, 7(12): 1-18.

Dunkl, A., Jiménez, P., Žižek, S. S., Milfelner, B. & Kallus, W. K. (2015). Similarities and Differences of Health-promoting Leadership and Transformational Leadership. Naše gospodarstvo / Our economy , 4(61), 13(3).

Eriksson, A., Axelsson, R. & Axelsson, S. B. (2011). Health promoting leadership – Different views of the concept. Work, 40: 75–84.

Eriksson, A., Axelsson, S. B., and Axelsson, R. (2012). Collaboration in workplace health promotion: a case study. Int. J. Work. Heal. Manag ,5: 181–193. doi: 10.1108/17538351211268836.

European Network For Workplace Health Promotion. (2007). The Luxembourg Declaration on Workplace Health Promotion in the European Union. Retrieved fromhttps://www.enwhp.org/resources/toolip/doc/2018/05/04/luxembourg_declaration.pdf

Franke, F., Felfe, J., and Pundt, A. (2014). The impact of health-oriented leadership on follower health: development and test of a new instrument measuring health-promoting leadership. Zeitschrift Pers ,28(1-2): 139–161.

Furunes, T., Kaltveit, A. & Akerjordet, K. (2018). Health-promoting leadership: A qualitative study from experienced nurses’ perspective. Journal of clinical nursing, 27(23-24), 4290-4301.

Glaser, J., Seubert, C., Hornung, S., & Herbig, B. (2015). The Impact of Learning Demands, Work- Related Resources, and Job Stressors on Creative Performance and Health. Journal of Personnel Psychology ,1 (14): 37–48.

Gurt, J., Schwennen, C., & Elke, G. (2011). Health-specific leadership: Is there an association between leader consideration for the health of employees and their strain and well-being? Work Stress ,25: 108–127.

Hair Jr, Joe F., Matthews, Lucy M., Matthews, Ryan L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis,1(2):107-123.

Holstad, T. J., Emmerich, A., Stempel, C. R. & Korek, S. (2016). Health at Work Through Health-Promoting Leadership. Healthy at Work, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32331-2_9.

Jiménez, P., Dunkl, A., & Eibel, K. (2013). Razvoj in vrednotenje protistresnih programov za ohranjanje oz. izboljšanje dobrega počutja zaposlenih. In S. Šarotar-Žižek, S. Treven, P. Jiménez, & A. Potočnik (Eds.), Premagovanje stresa kot sredstvo za zagotavljanje dobrega počutja (pp: 109–116). Maribor: Univerzitetna knjižnica Maribor.

Jiménez, P., Winkler, B. & Bregenzer, A. (2017). Developing sustainable workplaces with leadership. Feedback about organizational working conditions to support leaders in health-promoting behavior. Sustainability, 11(9): 1944.

Kaluza ,AJ., Weber, F., van Dick, R., Junker ,NM.(2021). When and how health-oriented leadership relates to employee well-being—Therole of expectations, self-care,andLMX. J Appl Soc Psychol ,51(4):404-424.org/10.1111/jasp.12744.

Kaluza, A. J., & Junker, N. M. (2022). Caring for yourself and for others: team health climate and self-care explain the relationship between health-oriented leadership and exhaustion. Journal of Managerial Psychology.

Kaluza, A. J., Junker, N. M., Schuh, S. C., Raesch, P., von Rooy, N. K., & van Dick, R. (2022). A leader in need is a leader indeed? The influence of leaders' stress mindset on their perception of employee well‐being and their intended leadership behavior. Applied Psychology, 71(4), 1347-138.

Klebe, L., Felfe, J., & Klug, K. (2021). Healthy leadership in turbulent times: The effectiveness of health‐oriented leadership in crisis. British Journal of Management, 32 (4), 1203 – 1218. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12498.

Klebe, L., Klug, K., & Felfe, J. (2021). The show must go on: The effects of crisis on health-oriented leadership and follower exhaustion during Covid-19 pandemic. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, 65(4), 231 – 243. https://doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000369.

Klug, K., Felfe, J., & Krick, A. (2019). Caring for oneself or for others? How consistent and inconsistent profiles of health-oriented leadership are related to follower strain and health. Frontiers in Psychology , 10 Article 2456 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02456.

Krick, A., Felfe, J., Hauff, S., & Renner, K. H. (2022). Facilitating Health-Oriented Leadership from a Leader’s Perspective. Zeitschrift für Arbeits-und Organisationspsychologie A&O.

Larsson, R. (2015). Managing Workplace Health Promotion in Municipal Organizations, Mälardalen University, Västerås.

Liu, L., Zhang, C. & Fang, C. C. (2022). Effects of health-promoting leadership, employee health on employee engagement: employability as moderating variable", International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 15(1):1-18.

Maria, A. S., Wolter, S., Gusy, B., Kleiber, D. & Renneberg, B. (2018). The Impact of Health-Oriented Leadership on Police Officers’Physical Health, Burnout, Depression and Well-Being. Policing , 2(13): 186-200.

Nielsen, K., Yarker, J., Brenner, S., Randall, R., & Borg, V. (2008). The importance of transformational leadership style for the well‐being of employees working with older people. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 63(5): 465-475.

Santa Maria, A., Wolter, C., Gusy, B., Kleiber, D., & Renneberg, B. (2019). The impact of health-oriented leadership on police officers’ physical health, burnout, depression and well-being. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 13 (2), 186 – 200. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/pay067.

Shan, G., Wang, W., Wang, S., Zhang, Y. & Li, Y. (2022). Cross-level effects of health-promoting leadership on nurse presenteeism: The mediation and moderation effect of workload and performance pressure. Current Psychology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02591-w.

Skarholt, K., Blix, E. H., Sandsund, M. & Andersen, T. K. (2016). Health promoting leadership practices in four Norwegian industries. Health Promotion International, 31: 936–945.

Spiess, E. & Stadler, P. (2016). Four-Level Model of Health-Promoting Leadership. Healthy at Work , 103-113. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32331-2_8

Vidman, A. & Strömberg, A. (2020). Leadership for a healthy work environment – a question about who, what and how. Leadership in Health Services, https://doi.org/10.1108/LHS-06-2020-0041.

Vonderlin, R., Schmidt, B., Müller, G., Biermann, M., Kleindienst, N., Bohus, M., & Lyssenko, L. (2020). Health-oriented leadership and mental health from supervisor and employee perspectives: A multilevel and multisource approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 614803.

Wegge, J., Shemla,M., & Haslam, S. A. (2014). Leader behavior as a determinant of health at work: Specification and evidence of five key pathways. Zeitschrift Pers. 28, 6–23.

Winkler, E., Busch, C., Clasen, J. & Vowinkel, J. (2014). Leadership behavior as a health-promoting resource for workers in low-skilled jobs and the moderating role of power distance orientation. German Journal of Research in Human Resource Management, 28(1-2): 96-116.

World Health Organization. (2010). Healthy Workplaces: A Model for Action: For Employers, Workers, Policy-Makers and Practitioners; WHO Press: Geneva, Switzerland.

Yao, L., Li, P. & Wildy, H. (2021). Health-Promoting Leadership: Concept, Measurement, and Research Framework. Front. Psychol. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.602333.

Zwingmann, I., Wegge, J., Wolf, S., Rudolf, M., Schmidt, M. and Richter, P. (2014). “Is transformational leadership healthy for employees? A multilevel analysis in 16 Nations”, German Journal of Human Resource Management, 1/2(28): 24-51.

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Designing and explaining health-oriented leadership strategies in public companies

References

Anderson, D., Plotnikoff, R. C., Raine, K., & Barrett, L. (2005). Development of measures of individual leadership for health promotion. Leadership in Health Services, 2(18): 1-12.

Arnold, M., & Rigotti, T. (2020). The leader in the spotlight: Health-oriented leadership and its antecedents and outcomes. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2020 (1), 16724 https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2020.16724.

Bodil J. Landstad, Marianne Hedlund, Stig Vinberg. (2017) "How managers of small-scale enterprises can create a health promoting corporate culture", International Journal of Workplace Health Management ,3(10): 1-44.

Boehm, S. A., Baumgartner, M. A. & Kreissner, L. M. (2016). The Relationship Between Leadership and Health: A Comparison of General and Health-Focused Leadership Approaches. Healthy at Work, pp: 87-102. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32331-2_7.

Bregenzer, A., Felfe, J., Bergner, S. & Jiménez, P. (2019). How followers’ emotional stability and cultural value orientations moderate the impact of health-promoting leadership and abusive supervision on health-related resources Anita. German Journal of Human Resource Management, 1(33): 1-30.

Burnett, C. E., Drose, C., & Fletcher, K. A. (2022). Health-Oriented Leadership in Healthcare: The Role of Supervisor Attitude, Cognition, and Behavior. In Mental Health and Wellness in Healthcare Workers: Identifying Risks, Prevention, and Treatment (pp. 172-195.

Daniels, K., Gedikli, C., Watson, D., Semkina, A. and Vaughn, O. (2017). “Job design, employment practices and well-being: a systematic review of intervention studies”, Ergonomics, Vol. 60 No ,9: 1177-1196.

Dellve, L. & Eriksson, A. (2017). “Health-promoting managerial work: a theoretical framework for a leadership program that supports knowledge and capability to craft sustainable work practices in daily practice and during organizational change”, Societies, 7(12): 1-18.

Dunkl, A., Jiménez, P., Žižek, S. S., Milfelner, B. & Kallus, W. K. (2015). Similarities and Differences of Health-promoting Leadership and Transformational Leadership. Naše gospodarstvo / Our economy , 4(61), 13(3).

Eriksson, A., Axelsson, R. & Axelsson, S. B. (2011). Health promoting leadership – Different views of the concept. Work, 40: 75–84.

Eriksson, A., Axelsson, S. B., and Axelsson, R. (2012). Collaboration in workplace health promotion: a case study. Int. J. Work. Heal. Manag ,5: 181–193. doi: 10.1108/17538351211268836.

European Network For Workplace Health Promotion. (2007). The Luxembourg Declaration on Workplace Health Promotion in the European Union. Retrieved fromhttps://www.enwhp.org/resources/toolip/doc/2018/05/04/luxembourg_declaration.pdf

Franke, F., Felfe, J., and Pundt, A. (2014). The impact of health-oriented leadership on follower health: development and test of a new instrument measuring health-promoting leadership. Zeitschrift Pers ,28(1-2): 139–161.

Furunes, T., Kaltveit, A. & Akerjordet, K. (2018). Health-promoting leadership: A qualitative study from experienced nurses’ perspective. Journal of clinical nursing, 27(23-24), 4290-4301.

Glaser, J., Seubert, C., Hornung, S., & Herbig, B. (2015). The Impact of Learning Demands, Work- Related Resources, and Job Stressors on Creative Performance and Health. Journal of Personnel Psychology ,1 (14): 37–48.

Gurt, J., Schwennen, C., & Elke, G. (2011). Health-specific leadership: Is there an association between leader consideration for the health of employees and their strain and well-being? Work Stress ,25: 108–127.

Hair Jr, Joe F., Matthews, Lucy M., Matthews, Ryan L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis,1(2):107-123.

Holstad, T. J., Emmerich, A., Stempel, C. R. & Korek, S. (2016). Health at Work Through Health-Promoting Leadership. Healthy at Work, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32331-2_9.

Jiménez, P., Winkler, B. & Bregenzer, A. (2017). Developing sustainable workplaces with leadership. Feedback about organizational working conditions to support leaders in health-promoting behavior. Sustainability, 11(9): 1944.

Kaluza ,AJ., Weber, F., van Dick, R., Junker ,NM.(2021). When and how health-oriented leadership relates to employee well-being—Therole of expectations, self-care,andLMX. J Appl Soc Psychol ,51(4):404-424.org/10.1111/jasp.12744.

Kaluza, A. J., & Junker, N. M. (2022). Caring for yourself and for others: team health climate and self-care explain the relationship between health-oriented leadership and exhaustion. Journal of Managerial Psychology.

Kaluza, A. J., Junker, N. M., Schuh, S. C., Raesch, P., von Rooy, N. K., & van Dick, R. (2022). A leader in need is a leader indeed? The influence of leaders' stress mindset on their perception of employee well‐being and their intended leadership behavior. Applied Psychology, 71(4), 1347-138.

Klebe, L., Felfe, J., & Klug, K. (2021). Healthy leadership in turbulent times: The effectiveness of health‐oriented leadership in crisis. British Journal of Management, 32 (4), 1203 – 1218. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12498.

Klebe, L., Klug, K., & Felfe, J. (2021). The show must go on: The effects of crisis on health-oriented leadership and follower exhaustion during Covid-19 pandemic. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, 65(4), 231 – 243. https://doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000369.

Klug, K., Felfe, J., & Krick, A. (2019). Caring for oneself or for others? How consistent and inconsistent profiles of health-oriented leadership are related to follower strain and health. Frontiers in Psychology , 10 Article 2456 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02456.

Krick, A., Felfe, J., Hauff, S., & Renner, K. H. (2022). Facilitating Health-Oriented Leadership from a Leader’s Perspective. Zeitschrift für Arbeits-und Organisationspsychologie A&O.

Larsson, R. (2015). Managing Workplace Health Promotion in Municipal Organizations, Mälardalen University, Västerås.

Liu, L., Zhang, C. & Fang, C. C. (2022). Effects of health-promoting leadership, employee health on employee engagement: employability as moderating variable", International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 15(1):1-18.

Maria, A. S., Wolter, S., Gusy, B., Kleiber, D. & Renneberg, B. (2018). The Impact of Health-Oriented Leadership on Police Officers’Physical Health, Burnout, Depression and Well-Being. Policing , 2(13): 186-200.

Nielsen, K., Yarker, J., Brenner, S., Randall, R., & Borg, V. (2008). The importance of transformational leadership style for the well‐being of employees working with older people. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 63(5): 465-475.

Santa Maria, A., Wolter, C., Gusy, B., Kleiber, D., & Renneberg, B. (2019). The impact of health-oriented leadership on police officers’ physical health, burnout, depression and well-being. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 13 (2), 186 – 200. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/pay067.

Shan, G., Wang, W., Wang, S., Zhang, Y. & Li, Y. (2022). Cross-level effects of health-promoting leadership on nurse presenteeism: The mediation and moderation effect of workload and performance pressure. Current Psychology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02591-w.

Skarholt, K., Blix, E. H., Sandsund, M. & Andersen, T. K. (2016). Health promoting leadership practices in four Norwegian industries. Health Promotion International, 31: 936–945.

Spiess, E. & Stadler, P. (2016). Four-Level Model of Health-Promoting Leadership. Healthy at Work , 103-113. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32331-2_8

Vidman, A. & Strömberg, A. (2020). Leadership for a healthy work environment – a question about who, what and how. Leadership in Health Services, https://doi.org/10.1108/LHS-06-2020-0041.

Vonderlin, R., Schmidt, B., Müller, G., Biermann, M., Kleindienst, N., Bohus, M., & Lyssenko, L. (2020). Health-oriented leadership and mental health from supervisor and employee perspectives: A multilevel and multisource approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 614803.

Wegge, J., Shemla,M., & Haslam, S. A. (2014). Leader behavior as a determinant of health at work: Specification and evidence of five key pathways. Zeitschrift Pers. 28, 6–23.

Winkler, E., Busch, C., Clasen, J. & Vowinkel, J. (2014). Leadership behavior as a health-promoting resource for workers in low-skilled jobs and the moderating role of power distance orientation. German Journal of Research in Human Resource Management, 28(1-2): 96-116.

World Health Organization. (2010). Healthy Workplaces: A Model for Action: For Employers, Workers, Policy-Makers and Practitioners; WHO Press: Geneva, Switzerland.

Yao, L., Li, P. & Wildy, H. (2021). Health-Promoting Leadership: Concept, Measurement, and Research Framework. Front. Psychol. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.602333.

Zwingmann, I., Wegge, J., Wolf, S., Rudolf, M., Schmidt, M. and Richter, P. (2014). “Is transformational leadership healthy for employees? A multilevel analysis in 16 Nations”, German Journal of Human Resource Management, 1/2(28): 24-51.

Volume 14, Issue 4December 2022Pages 89-122

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Volume 14, Issue 4
December 2022
Pages 89-122