آرزوهای شغلی کودکان پیش‌دبستانی و دبستانی شهر اصفهان

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه اصفهان

2 دانشگاه الزهرا

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی آرزوهای شغلی کودکان پیش­دبستانی و دبستانی شهر اصفهان است. به این منظور 375 دانش­آموز شامل 128 دختر و 247 پسر، از نواحی 5 ‌گانه آموزش و پرورش اصفهان به­شیوة نمونه­گیری خوشه­ای مرحله­ای انتخاب شدند. روش جمع­آوری داده­ها مصاحبة نیمه سازمان­یافته بود. داده­ها به دو شیوه کدگذاری شده و با استفاده از روش مجذور خی تک­متغیری، مجذور خی دومتغیری، ضریب همبستگی فی و ضریب همبستگی کرامر در نرم­افزار spss مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که دو عامل مهم کلیشه­ های جنسیتی و سطح منزلت شغلی از عوامل موجود در نظریة رشدی گاتفردسون، در دانش­آموزان پیش­دبستانی و دبستانی تعیین­کنندة آرزوهای شغلی آن­ها است. هم­چنین مشاغل جستجوگرانه جزء اولین آرزوهای دانش­آموزان است. شغل والدین به­خصوص مادران و آرزوهای آن­ها بر آرزوهای شغلی کودکان مؤثر است و دختران مشاغل زنانه و پسران مشاغل مردانه را آرزو می­کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


  1. سمیعی، ف؛ باغبان، ا؛ عابدی، م و حسنیان، س (1390). نظریه‌های مشاوره مسیر شغلی. اصفهان: جهاد دانشگاهی.
  2. شفیع آبادی، ع. (1382). راهنمایی و مشاوره شغلی و حرفه ای و نظریه های انتخاب شغل (چاپ سیزدهم). تهران: رشد.
  3. هالند، جان. ال. (1376). حرفه مناسب شما چیست؟ راهنمایی و مشاوره حرفه‌ای براساس نظریه شغل و شخصیت. ترجمه سیمین حسینیان و منور یزدی. تهران: کمال تربیت.
  4. Armstrong, P. I., & Crombie, G. (2000). Compromises in adolescent's occupational aspirations and expectations from grades 8 to 10. Journal of vocational Behavior, 56, 82- 98.
  5. Auger, R. W., Blackhurst, A. E., & Wahl, K. H. (2005). The development of elementary aged children,s career aspirations and expectations. Professional School Counseling. 8 (5), 322-330.
  6. Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (2001). Self-efficacy beliefs as shapers of children's aspirations and career trajectories. Child Development, 72 (1), 187-207.
  7. Bardick, A. D., Bernes, K. B., & Witko, K.D. (2006). Junior high school students, career plans for the future. Journal of Career Development. 32(3), 250-271.
  8. Brown, S. D., & Lent, R. W. (2005). Career development and counseling. Putting theory and research to work. Canada: Wiley.
  9. Brown, S.G., & Barbosa, G. (2001). Nothing is going to stop me now: Obstacles perceived by low-income women as they become self-sufficient. Public Health Nursing. 18, 364-372.
  10. Care, E., Deans, J., & Brown, R. (2007). The realism and sex type of four to five-year-old children,s occupational aspirations. Journal of Early Childhood Research. 5 (2) , 155-168.
  11. Danziger, N. (1983). Sex-related differences in the aspirations of high school students. Sex Roles, 9, 683-694.
  12. Domenico, D.M., & Jones, K.H. (2007). Career aspirations of pregnant and parenting adolescents. Journal of Family and Consumer Science Education, 25(1), 24-33.
  13. Furlong, A., & Biggart, A. (1999) ‘Framing Choices: A Longitudinal Study of Occupational Aspirations Among 13 to 16 Year-Olds’, Journal of Education and Work, Vol. 12 (1) pp.21-36.
  14. Gottfredson, G. D. (2002). Interest, aspiration, self–estimation and Self-Directed Search. Journal of Career Assessment,10,200-208.
  15. Gottfredson, L. S. (2002). Gottfredsons's theory of circumscription, compromise and self-creation in D. Brown (ed). Career Choice and Development, pp. 85-148. sanfrancisco: Jossey- Bass.
  16. Gottfredson, L.S. (1981). Circumscription and compromise: A development theory of occupational aspirations. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 28, 545-579.
  17. Helwig, A. A. (1998). Gender-role stereotyping: Testing theory with a longitudinal sample. Sex Roles. 38 (5/6), 403-423.
  18. Helwig, A.A. (2001). A test of Gottfredson's theory using a ten-year longitudinal study. Journal of Career Development, 28(2), 77-95.
  19. Herr, E. L., & Creamer, S. H. (1996). Career guidance and counseling through the lifespan: systematic approaches (5th ed.). New York: Harper Collins.
  20. Khallad, J. (2000). Education and career aspirations of Palestinian ad U. S. youth. Journal of Social Psychology, 140, 789-792.
  21. Lapan, R.T., & Jingeleski, J. (1992). Circumscribing vocational aspirations in junior high school. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 39, 81-90.
  22. Lent R: W., Brown, S. D., Notal, L., & Soresi, S. (2003). Testing social cognitive interest and choice Hypotheses across holland types in italian high school students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62,101-118.
  23. Mau, W., & Bikos, H. (2000). Educational and vocational aspirations of minority and female students: A longitudinal study. Journal of Counseling and Development. 78, 186-194.
  24. Mau, W. (1995). Educational planning and academic achievement of middle school students. A racial and cultural comparison. Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 518-526.
  25. McMahon, M., & Patton, W. (1997). Gender differences in children and adolescent's perceptions of influences on their career development. School Counselor. 44, 368- 376.
  26. Miller, J. K., & Lambert-Shute, J. (2009). Career aspiration and perceived level of preparetion among marriage and family therapy doctoral students. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. 35 (4) ,466-480.
  27. Mullis, R. L., Mullis, A.K., & Gerwels, D. (1998). Stability of vocational interests among high school students. Adolescence, 33(131), 699-708.
  28. Nurmi, J. E., Pool, M.E., & Kalakoski, V. (1994). Age differences in adolescent future-oriented goals, concerns and related temporal extension in different sociocultural contexts. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 23(4), 471-488.
  29. Patton, W., & Creed, P. (2007). The relationship between career variables and occupational aspirations and expectations for Australian high school adolescents. Journal of Career Development. 34(2), 127- 148.
  30. Ramos, L., & Sanchez, A.R. (1995). Mexican-American high school students: Educational aspirations. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 3(4), 212-221.
  31. Rojewski, J.W. (2005). Occupational aspirations: Constructs, meanings and application .In S.D.Brown & R.W.Lent (Eds).Career Development and Counseling: Putting theory and research to work (pp.131-154). Hoboken,Ny: john wiley.
  32. Sellers, N., Satcher, J., & Comas, R. (1999). Children,s occupational aspirations: Comparisons by gender, gender role identity and socioeconomic statuse. Professional School Counseling. 2, 314-317.
  33. Sharf, R. (2006). Applying career development theory to counseling. (4 th ed) Thomson: Brook/. cole.
  34. Steven, C. J., Puchtell, L. A., Ryu, S. & Mortimer, J.T. (1992). Adolescence work and boys, and girls, orientation to the future. Sociological Quarterly, 33(2), 153-169.
  35. Tang, M., Pan,W., & Newmeyer, M. D. (2008). Factors influencing high school students career aspirations. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 11 (5) ,285-296.
  36. Trice, A. D., & King, R. (1991). Stability of kindergarten children,s career aspirations. Psychological Reports, 68, 1378.
  37. Trice, A. D., & Knapp, L. (1992). Relationship of children,s career aspirations to parents, occupations. Journal of Genetice Psychology, 153(3), 355-357.
  38. Trice, A. D., & Tillapaugh, P. (1991). Children,s estimates of the their parents, job satisfaction. Psychological Reports. 69, 63-66.
  39. Trice, A.D., Hughes, M. A., Odom, C., Woods, K., & Mcclellan, N.C. (1995). The origins of childern's career aspirations: Iv. Testing hypotheses from four theories. The Career Development Quarterly. 43 (4), 307- 315.
  40. Trusty, J. (2002). African Americans, educational expectations: Longitudinal causal models for women and men. Journal of Counseling & Development. 80, 332-345.
  41. Valadez, J. R. (1998). Applying to college: Race, class and gender differences. Professional School Conuseling, (5), 74-20.
  42. Wahl, H., & Blackhurst, A. (2000). Factors affecting the occupational and educational aspirations of children and adolescents. Professional School Counseling, 3 (5) , 367-375.
  43. Wall, J., Covell, K., & MacIntyre, P. D. (1999). Implications of social supports for adolescents, education and career aspirations. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science. Available at: www.zoeticzone.com
  44. Watson, M., Quatman, T., & Edler, E. (2002). Career aspiration of adolescent girls. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 46 (9) , 323-333.
  45. Zunker, V. G. (2006). Career counselling. A holistic approach. Texas: Thomson.: Brooks/cole.